Revised JLPT N3 textbooks

December 9th, 2009
Update: try the JLPT n3 mock test quiz to see if this level is for you!

I noticed that lately many people find my blog with search queries such as “jlpt revised n3″, “text books for jlpt N3″, “prepare for N3 jlpt”, “jlpt n3 books”, etc. This makes a lot of sense, since the last of the old format JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) examinations was conducted last Sunday, the 6th of December, 2009.

Starting next year the JLPT will be replaced by the revised format, which is essentially the same as the old one, except that the first (vocabulary and characters) and third (reading and grammar) sections are merged into one big one (with no pause? that’ll be tough!). And, of course, the introduction of the new N3 level, which is between the old levels 2 (new level N2) and 3 (new level N4). The gap between the old levels 3 and 2 was indeed rather large, jumping from beginner’s book to serious hobby level with a 300% increase in vocabulary required, for instance.

And with the introduction of the N3 level, a whole new market for textbooks and study aids specifically targeting JLPT N3 opens up, and you’d expect the publishers to rejoice and then hurry to be the first one to the market with such a book, wouldn’t you? So last time I went by the big Kinokuniya book store in Yoyogi, out of curiosity of just how difficult/easy the new level n3 was I had a look at the old JLPT bookshelf (where I used to hang out, before I graduated from the JLPT). And lo and behold there were none! None study books targeting JLPT N3, that is! Lots of books and flash cards and stuff targeting the other, old levels, still though. A search on Amazon has the same result: no JLPT n3 books.

The bookshelf with textbooks for JLPT level N3.

So where are these books? Did the book writers/publishers not realize that there was going to be a guaranteed demand for them? Or are they hoping people will buy the remaining old format JLPT books before they introduce new once to the market? Because surely the demand for old ones will drop significantly once new ones are introduced, especially for the old levels 2 and 3, I would presume. Anyway, as soon as they’re out and I’ve had some time to evaluate them, I’ll update my Best Books for Learning Japanese page with recommendations on JLPT N3 books as well.

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Efficient Chinese study methods

December 7th, 2009

So after my first Chinese conversation lesson, I realized that I had to make some changes to my Chinese studies:

  • Practice more simple sentences and basic vocabulary. The kind of stuff people usually start off with. I have a tendency to go for more advanced grammar and vocabulary immediately, which isn’t bad in itself but leaves a big hole where elementary expressions and vocabulary should have gone. It’s hard to do conversation when you can’t even introduce yourself…

  • Pinyin is essentially bad – so reduce the reliance on pinyin and look at the characters and memorize their pronunciations by itself (by listening to a tape or the teacher, for example). I thought pinyin was a fairly good way of writing Chinese, but I now realize that down to the monkey’s balls it’s essentially the same as romaji is for Japanese – i.e. an unnatural way of expressing the language. Not an incorrect way, but very sub-optimal.
    Kobe Chinatown. Bruce Lee has nothing to do with the content of this post.

  • Study hanzi characters and their readings one by one (or short compound words) – starting with simple, frequent characters and moving on from there. Hanzi is how Chinese is written, and as with Japanese, literacy is essential. I have a tendency here too to go for the hard stuff too early, so I need to start over a little and learn from the beginning.

So considering that, the following constitutes my current Chinese study method:

  • Using Anki (a spaced repetition system application), I study elementary characters, short words, and simple phrases. With Anki you can download “decks” (sets of “flash cards”) made by other people and provided for free. I found one called Chinese Characters (Level 1 and Level 2) apparently based on the book New Practical Chinese Reader. I don’t use that book but the deck is very useful in itself. The quality is a bit variable though, but I’m adding and changing things as I go along. Considering it’s free and doing it all yourself would take significant time, it’s really good value for time.

  • Practice writing hanzi, using some Chinese character writing sheets I found online provided by the University of Vermont (the ones called Practical Chinese Readers Book I and Book II). These are very useful. Again, the quality could be better (readings and stroke orders would be nice, for instance) but for a price of zero, they’re extremely good value. I just write and write the character all over many times, and do the same sheets multiple times. It’s not the most fun activity nor the most fancy kind of study method out there – but actually when I come home from work and I’m tired, that kind of activity is just about what I am able to manage. And I am certainly seeing good progress!

    As an aside: I can read about 2,500 Japanese kanji, so most of the elementary/intermediate Chinese is readable for me already, but I never learned to write kanji by hand… I can only write maybe 100-200 characters. Which isn’t a big deal but it’s not very good either. So I’ve decided to use this as an opportunity to learn how to write the simplified Chinese characters, since that will be useful for writing Japanese too (with some exceptions). Since I’m lazy I really prefer the simplified characters. I mean compare 认识 with 認識… I know which one I want to write 100 times on the blackboard.

  • Using the books I bought before, keep studying grammar using the grammar book and vocabulary and pronunciation primarily using the other book. Fairly standard. I study grammar before going to sleep (well it makes me go to sleep), and pronunciation/vocabulary some times in the evenings. I am also hoping to use the vocabulary book at the Chinese conversation lessons, since that book has nice, big illustrations accompanying simple words, it should be suitable for learning the correct Mandarin pronunciation.


It’s going well, and it’s fun. It’s great to be able to apply my experience and knowledge of learning from 5+ years of Japanese studies to Chinese. My study methods are incredibly much more efficient now. I will soon have to set some intermediate goal (the current final goal is to be able to read a book in Chinese within two years), such as passing a particular HSK level next year. I’ll have to discuss that with the Chinese school teacher.

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Japanese and JLPT book recommendations

April 19th, 2009

I often get questions in comments on this blog and in email from people finding this blog through search engines regarding which books I recommend for studying for the JLPT or learning Japanese, or kanji, vocabulary, grammar, etc.

You might have noticed that my last couple of blog posts are based around the search queries used to find my site, and so is this post, since I decided to write something about the topics that people are searching for while finding my site but that I haven’t explicitly mentioned. I noticed a lot of search queries such as:

  • which book is better for jlpt 2 kanzen or unicom?

  • good vocab book jlpt level 2
  • jlpt1 book recommendation
  • best jlpt books
  • kanzen master vs unicom reading

and sure enough I’ve mentioned these terms a lot in my blog, but never really recommended any books. So again utilizing the convenient Squidoo platform, I wrote up a page containing my Japanese learning book recommendations. So from now on I’ll make additions there and reference it from my blog instead of keeping book recommendations spread out over different blog posts without coherence.

Currently, I have organized the page into these categories:

and I’ve also written some general ideas I have about studying for each of these levels:

Anyway, all the books I recommend there are ones that I own or have owned (and sold) and have found useful. I’ve probably bought way more books than necessary over the years, but I find buying books for myself keeps me motivated to study, so it has probably been worth it in the end, even if some of those books sucked. I’ll add more books to that page over the coming weeks as I find the time to think up what actually made them good and write a review.

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Japanese for programmers (and software developers)

April 13th, 2009

After literally years of gathering materials and many full days of writing work, I’ve finally published my page on technical and business Japanese for software professionals (code monkeys) looking for a job in Japan or already working in Japanese companies or with Japanese clients who want to improve their programming Japanese.

The page consists of basically three main parts: Essential Japanese programming vocabulary, Expressions for communicating technical issues in Japanese (with a Part II), and A look at a Japanese software specification. They’re based on material I’ve gathered during my years working in Japan, mostly in completely disorganized, scattered text files, so collecting and choosing the useful bits of it for this page was more work than it should have been…

Actually, I first got the idea of writing a “Japanese for Programmers” book some time ago when talking with a former colleague. The idea was that there are so many especially Indian software developers working in Japan, but there are as yet no books aimed specifically at this segment, and there should be a huge market.

Anyway, I’m an avid reader of Seth Godin’s blog, and Seth is the guy behind Squidoo as well, so I naturally stumbled upon it. I gave it a go, and it’s actually a really fun and easy way to create modern, stylish, SEO’d web pages without having to bother with the technical issues.

And then in last month’s search queries used to find my site I saw “japanese speaking programming“, and that finally got me going to do something with my Japanese for Programmers idea – I mean people are searching for it, and they’re already finding my site from it (there’s no “Japanese for Programmers” site on the net anyhow!), despite me not specifically covering that topic, so it seems everything falls into place. And thus the Japanese for Programmers Squidoo “lens” was born!

So I hope it’ll get lots of readers and comments. I still have loads more material, so if it gets popular I might do a follow up. :-) Here’s the URL again:

http://www.squidoo.com/japanese-for-programmers

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Learning Chinese through Japanese

April 2nd, 2009

It has been said, perhaps by Mark Twain, that confusing sinology and Zionism would be a little bit like confusing astrology and astronomy. Anyway, about three weeks ago I finally gave in to the craving and starting studying Chinese.


As I’ve written before, Chinese was among the alternatives when I decided to start studying Japanese. But Japanese seemed even more weird and hard, and the selection of courses at my university was better, so I chose Japanese instead. But I promised myself years ago that once I passed JLPT 1, I could start studying Chinese. And I did pass JLPT 1.

So I went to the huge Kinokuniya book store in south Shinjuku – you know the one located next to the NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building, the tallest clock tower in the world. The supply of language-learning books in Japan is just overwhelming! Especially, of course, for English, but the supply of books on other popular languages is tremendous as well. I can only surmise that this is because foreign things are superficially fashionable in Japan, combined with a school system that teaches kids that foreign language acquisition is impossible. So everyone buys the same kind of miracle cure beginner-level language books every year, and every year the miracle breakthrough doesn’t happen, so the cycle repeats itself.


Anyhow, my philosophy on language learning is the antithesis of that kind of books so I bought the most boring-sounding ones I could find: one called 文法から学べる中国語 (“Chinese that can be learnt from grammar”) and one called 中国語の教科書 (“Chinese textbook”). Still quite fancy books, but the content seemed serious, and they follow different approaches: the grammar one obviously focuses on grammar, and the textbook one is more focused on listening, pronounciation, and conversation, so they should complement each other, I think.

As you notice, the Chinese language study books I bought are in Japanese. This is an important point, since that allows me to keep learning Japanese while enjoying studying Chinese (it is rather enjoyable as a change from years of Japanese studies). In fact, out of the first approximatly 100 words I harvested from the “textbook” book, 5 were new to me in Japanese as well. Double-win! Once you pass JLPT 1, there aren’t really any language study books available for your level, so this I think is a good method to ensure there aren’t any holes in my basic Japanese vocabulary.

I believe in setting goals, just as I did both when I decided to pass JLPT 1 in 2008 and JLPT 2 in 2006. So I have set my overall goal of my Chinese language studies: to be able to read a book in Chinese by the time I turn 30 (i.e. in about 2.5 years from now).

That seems challenging, yet doable. I don’t have any specific type of book in mind, but I imagine it would be some normal top-selling book. Actually come to think of it, the only book I’ve read in both English and Japanese is Haruki Murakami’s after the quake (神の子どもたちはみな踊る) so maybe that would be a good one to use as a reference standard.

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Learning Kanji – The Poodle’s Core and Regarding Methodology

August 28th, 2008

The other day I wrote a somewhat obstinate piece on why learning kanji thoroughly is important for the learner of the Japanese language, accidentally calling myself, and possibly you – my apologies for that – a dumbass in the process. Now that I’ve gotten that off my heart, I’d like to touch upon the much more difficult and substantial topic of how to learn those kanji. I do not mean this to be a definite and final guide in any way, but rather I hope to share my experience and thoughts regarding the most efficient way(s) to kanji fluency.

First of all: my kanji level is already pretty high. I can read books and (somewhat) newspapers in Japanese. Secondly: I find kanji quite easy to learn. I know a lot of people who think studying kanji is worse than being eaten alive by killer ants (I just saw the movie “The Hive”, so please excuse the analogy), but for me learning kanji has always been very enjoyable. Intelligence tests have shown (as I already suspected) that my intellect is based around spatial/visual understanding of concepts, and perhaps kanji just happen to be my calling in this world… Or maybe I’ve found fun interesting and stumulating ways of studying kanji, which I hope – and actually think – is the case, because that means you can find it just as fun as I do!

Thirdly: I still have a lot of learning to do. I estimate I know about two thirds of the kanji I need to know now. So there’s still a lot “in it” for myself to refine my study methods as well.


Anyway nuf of me jabberin bout myself. Please let me tell you what I think is the poodle’s core of kanji, and the key to the successful learning of which:

KANJI ARE (MOSTLY) PHONETIC

It’s true! Kanji, to the Japanese, is just the character set you use to write Japanese. Japanese is a natural language and thus it’s primarily spoken. Kanji might not be the most efficient way of transcribing spoken word into writing, but it is nevertheless how it’s done in Japanese. And efficiency aside – it’s a very charismatic method!

Now, there are people - such as my arch nemesis Dr. Heisig - who want you to believe stories such as: Japanese is very easy for Chinese people to learn because they already “know” the characters, so the best way for a Western fatass such as myself to learn kanji must be to first remember their shapes and compositions and associate them to some stupid keyword. Then I’ll be on a par with the Chinese and can start learning the Japanese readings and the words they’re used in – not to mention trying to forget all the erroneous and stupid keywords I was made to believe to be actually useful.

Well people, I don’t want to go through the process of becoming Chinese in order to become Japanese, nor do I want to spend substantial time memorizing misinformation, as the keywords are often not very related to the actual usage of the kanji. I want to learn Japanese kanji; their meanings, writings, usages, and – most of all – pronunciations.

Kanji are the characters used to write words, and thus it is essential to learn their phonetic values as well as practical usages in writing vocabulary words. Concepts such as “meanings” or “keywords” for kanji are constructed and construed.

I do believe kanji have meanings though, and I’d like to recommend a good book for learning them. It’s the book called “A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters” by Kenneth G. Henshall. First of all I’d like to raise my two major complaints about that book, that are essentially the same: the title and the “mnemonics” thing. I will go ahead and blame that -again! – mainly on my arch nemesis Dr. Heisig. It’s all Heisig’s fault! Everyone seems to think you need some magic mnemonic formula to magically “remember” the kanji… It makes me sick!

But Henshall’s book – besides the name and the stupid “mnemonics” thing attached to each entry – is actually nothing more and nothing less than a simple etymological kanji dictionary! There are many of these in Japanese, and I strongly recommend you to upgrade to a Japanese one as soon as you’re fairly comfortable with it, but until then Henshall’s book is superb.

-

Anyway, no book is the solution to learning the kanji. I believe everyday practical tricks are the key to that. More about that in the next post…

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家に帰らない男たち – Guys Who Don’t Go Home

June 27th, 2008

Owing perhaps to what seems like a strong strain of introspectiveness, there are a lot of books in Japanese about what it means to be Japanese. They don’t get translated and seldom get any attention outside Japan though. Since I’m interested in both Japanese society and the language this suits me well. Anyway, I thought I’d do my part and write something about one of these books.


It’s called 家に帰らない男たち (Guys Who Don’t Go Home, roughly) by 松井 計 (Kei Matsui). The book is about men who don’t return home after work, many of them having a family that they only see on weekends.

The book has six chapters, each chapter focusing on one particular man and his situation. Following is an outline of the chapters:

  1. A Guy Who Don’t Go Home? A Guy Who Can’t Go Home?
    44 y.o. advertising agency worker
    Started not going home just after getting married and changed jobs, because he had to work late and the commute too long. Got divorced but still maintains the mostly unused house in the suburbs, two-and-a-half hours from his workplace. Sleeps in capsule hotels and likes to go out drinking on weekdays after work. Sees his kids on the weekends but always brings them to his parents home instead of the house they grew up in. The reason why he retains the house is something of a mystery.

  2. A Dreamless Person Chasing Dreams
    22 y.o. guy who does day jobs for dispatch companies
    Came to Tokyo to get “big”, but can’t really define what that means. Won’t return home until he’s “made it” in Tokyo. Says it’s important to be independent and take care of himself but still lets his parents pay the mobile phone bill. Sleeps at net/manga cafes. Seems generally quite stupid to me but the author stresses that he is at least polite.
  3. Going Home Is Scary
    43 y.o. salaryman
    Came from the countryside and made it as a sales guy in Tokyo. Has a home in the suburbs and a family. Gets on the train home every day, but when nearing his station, feels scared and gets on to the backwards-bound train into the city again. Says he doesn’t want to ruin the perfect balance of his home, which he thinks is what would happen if he was there on weekdays, but enjoys spending perfect weekends with his wife and kids. Sleeps at capsule hotels or saunas or, to save money, at the office.
  4. Weekend Marriage
    38 y.o. high-earning IT industry salaryman
    Spends only the weekends in the house with wife and daughter. Used to rent an apartment between the office and the house, but left it after realizing it was more fun to spend the night at saunas where he could chat with others. The weekend marriage is by mutual consent with the wife, whom the author also met and interviewed. Both enjoy this lifestyle, but are prepared to change it once the kid grows up and maybe starts thinking it’s odd.
  5. Has Everything, No Problems
    50 y.o. salaryman-turned-self-employed
    Formerly a salaryman who was stationed all around the country by his company, and even in the Middle East for a few years, but grew tired of that and started his own company with a friend. Lives quite close to the office, but still started to think it’s unnecessary to go home in the evening. Enjoys the communal aspect of staying at saunas. Kid has moved out. Returns home occasionally. Wife doesn’t seem bothered.
  6. A Double Life
    46 y.o. designer
    Grew up in the sticks where everyone was expected to become a factory worker/engineer, but went to Tokyo to go into design instead. Has wife and kids, but shares an apartment with his 21 y.o. hostess girlfriend during the weeks. Wife thinks he is working hard, or at least that’s what he thinks. Loves his family and realizes this can’t go on forever. The girlfriend is also interviewed and she seems to enjoy the situation. The girlfriend is otherwise the female equivalent of the guy from chapter 2.

Matsui frequently makes a point of having interviewed many people as material for this book. I think the men that this book centers around are all quite stereotypical and easily imaginable – but all with some disturbed psychological twist in their heads. I’m not sure if that’s because he incorporates material from other interviewees into these men, thus making them somewhat generic, or because he hasn’t actually interviewed many people at all, but just invented most of it. In any case, it’s an interesting read, not an academic paper.

From my own experience, I have heard Japanese coworkers say things like “the office/train is where I can relax”, claiming their houses (with wive, kids, and parents) are stressful. It’s not uncommon for Japanese office workers to spend all night at the office – it seems to give them credibility and respect among their peers too (despite being completely unproductive the following day). This book sheds some light on why. Saunas’ communal aspect, with people napping in reclining chairs in a common area, is one thing.

The language is quite simple: Not much specialized vocabulary outside of society-related concepts such as 脱サラ (quit working as a salaryman) and プータロー (loser). Grammar is about between JLPT level 2 and level 1. The author uses quite a lot of non-general use kanji, though, as well as kanji for words usually written in hiragana, and there is almost no furigana. Not because the vocabulary requires it, but because he just likes to, I suppose. That’s good for learning a little extra that probably won’t show up on a JLPT exam.

Anyway, this is the first of Matsui’s books that I read but it is unlikely to be the last. If you don’t know who he is, he’s famous for having been homeless, but he then wrote a book about being homeless and now he’s a successful author, writing mostly about typical Japanese social phenomena.

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Jumbo Jets vs Embedded Software

January 10th, 2008

A while ago I bought a book called 747: Creating the World’s First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation by Joe Sutter. Actually I bought it at Hong Kong airport to read on the way home – ironically not by 747 (I don’t know what kind of plane it was – so no, I’m not an airplane geek). I bought the book because I was curious to see if the reaction I’d get was “Oh, that’s exactly like in embedded software!” or “Oh, so that’s how they do it in aeronautical engineering!”. It turned out to be the former.

Joe Sutter, the author of the book (although he probably had a lot of help writing it), lead the engineering effort to design the plane, which does seem like the most interesting point of view to me. Beside the main story of how the 747’s design came to be, he also tells some quite interesting tidbits from the history of aviation and from the aviation industry. These fit in nicely and makes the pages fly by. Unfortunately, there are a few too many autobiographical digressions that I didn’t like, and also the literary quality of the book is very poor, with many repetitions, and sometimes even contradictions. Anyway, not bad for an engineer.

So yes, designing and delivering jumbo jets seems to be very similar to designing and delivering embedded software. The scales are, of course, completely different though. Not only physical scales – where they measure time in months and years, we measure in hours and days – and costs are similarly orders of magnitude higher in aviation.

What struck me as the biggest difference though, when I was sitting on a modern airliner somewhere over the South China Sea while reading the book’s introductory chapters on aviation history, was that the jet airplanes he described in the early 1950s (such as the Dash 80), are exactly the same as the jet airplanes now, 50 years later! They fly at the same speed, same altitude, and use basically the same engines. That’s really terrible! Commercial aviation has surely come a long way since the Wright Brothers flew, but it did so in the first 50 years of its history. I’m glad I work with software.


Even more sad is that even if you double the speed of an airplane, it would hardly make any difference today anyway. The Americans (I didn’t know that before reading the book), Europeans, and Russians all had their fun trying to make realistic supersonic commercial airplanes. But even if they had succeeded, how much of the total time spent traveling is really spent in the air, at cruise speed, anyway?

For example: from my home in central Tokyo to somewhere in central Hong Kong, which seems like a fairly typical scenario, the flight time is on average about 4 hours. Say you have to be at the airport 1.5 h before the flight, and it takes 1 h to get from the airplane out of the airport, 1.5 h for me to go to Narita airport, and 30 min to get to/from Hong Kong airport, and an extra 15 min in either end to go between stations/taxis etc – that’s 5 hours! So even if the speed of the airplane doubled, you’d only get between where you are and where you want to go 20% faster. No, if anything close to aviation, I’d like to be an airport architect, city planner, and anti-anti-terrorist consultant. That would speed things up.

PS. I always thought of the Jumbo Jet as the airplane with two floors, but a significant part of the book is spent revealing how it came to be that the 747 ended up basically not having two floors! How strange.

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